What is a brown dwarf star? These formations often defy classification, blurring the line between planets and stars.
, planets that are gravitationally bound to stars other than our sun, have been discovered. Within that catalog exists a vast array of planetary classes – small rocky worlds like our own, ocean worlds completely covered in liquid water, and gas giants that dwarf even Jupiter, among many others.
However, brown dwarfs are too low-mass to sustain the temperatures and pressures required to induce a hydrogen thermonuclear fusion reaction. In other words, their low-mass, relative to other stellar objects, means gravity can't squeeze the core of the star enough to generate the conditions needed for hydrogen fusion.
Brown dwarfs themselves can vary greatly in mass, which also impinges on what they can fuse to generate energy. At the high-mass end of the spectrum, somewhere between 65 to 90 times that is as massive as Jupiter, some brown dwarfs are capable of fusing lithium, the third element on the periodic table.
"Since brown dwarfs host protoplanetary disks that are the formation sites of planets, brown dwarfs could also potentially host a planetary system. Also, the disks around brown dwarfs dissipate over a longer timescale than Sun-like stars, so it may take longer to form a planetary system around a brown dwarf," adds Riaz.– objects that are free floating in space.
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