Born and raised in Pakistan, Dr. Muhammad Mohiuddin made a major breakthrough in xenotransplantation in the US, discovering an antibody that made it possible to transplant pig hearts into humans without any life-threatening complications
In 1984, American surgeon Leonard Lee Bailey transplanted a baboon heart into a baby dying from a congenital heart disease. Baby Fae, as the infant is famously known, lived for 20 days after the surgical procedure. The operation itself was successful despite the baby's body rejecting the primate heart.
The scientist behind that landmark experiment is Dr. Muhammad Mansoor Mohiuddin, a Pakistani-born doctor and the director of the Cardiac Xenotransplantation Programme at the University of Maryland Medical Centre. Dr. Mohiuddin has spent the past 30 years trying to figure out how to increase the chances of survival for terminal patients in need of a heart transplant. in a recent interview,“Just in the United States, 150,000 people are waiting for different organ transplants.
Gal, a sugar molecule found in porcine blood cells, is one such barrier that is no longer present in pigs that have been genetically engineered for research purposes. T-cells and B-cells play a crucial role in fighting lethal pathogens. Eliminate them completely and a body become vulnerable to infections.
The first truly scientific attempt at xenotransplantation was made in 1963 when American surgeon Keith Reemtsma carried out 13 kidney transplants using chimpanzees as donors. The longest a human patient lived with such a donor pair of kidneys was 9 months.
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