The oral drug restored hair growth in about half of patients after a year.
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder caused when the immune system attacks hair follicles, mistaking them as foreign invaders. The hair loss may begin as small circular bald patches around the head, but it can expand to larger overlapping patches.
The newly approved drug, Olumiant , is part of a class of drugs called JAK inhibitors. In two Phase III clinical trials, 32 percent of people with severe alopecia who took 4 milligrams of Olumiant tablets had 80 percent of their hair grow back after 9 months. After a year, almost half of the patients grew their hair back. JAK inhibitors are different from prior alopecia treatments because they target inflammation all over the body instead of just the scalp.
This style of treatment has another benefit, too: regrowing hair beyond the scalp. Alopecia also causes hair loss in the nose and ears, affecting a person’s hearing and allergies. A lack of eyelashes can promote eye irritation from dust freely entering the eye.
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