Yemen-based Houthis are the only full-strength survivors of Tehran’s axis of resistance
was mainly planned in the command rooms of America and Israel.” He referred to the involvement of a “neighbouring government of Syria ” without mentioning Turkey , which played a major role in Assad’s fall. Despite the takeover of Syria by the Sunni fundamentalist Hayat Tahrir al-Sham and allied opposition groups, Tehran has said it seeks good relations with Damascus if the new government embraces Syria ’s diverse communities.
Tehran and Damascus developed close strategic ties after Iran’s 1979 clerical revolution ousted the US-supported pro-Israel shah and adopted the Palestinian cause. During the 1980s, Syria outraged fellow Arabs by backing Iran during the Iran-Iraq War. At the time, Syria was ruled by the branch of the Baath Party under Hafez al-Assad and Iraq was governed by a rival branch under Saddam Hussein. Gulf states armed and funded Iraq while Egypt and Jordan supported Iraq politically.
Egypt’s 1979 peace treaty with Israel and the 1980s emergence – with Iranian aid – of Lebanon’s Hizbullah prompted Tehran to form the axis of resistance comprising Hizbullah, Palestinian Hamas, Yemeni Houthis and Syria. Iran armed Hizbullah and provided billions of dollars for Lebanese reconstruction after the 1982 and 2006 wars with Israel.
Since its attack on Israel on October 7th, 2023, Hamas has been crushed in Gaza. Hizbullah has been crippled in Lebanon while the overthrow of Assad has put Syria out of action. The marginal Houthis are the only survivors of the axis of resistance, which had accorded Iran regional political influence and military outreach after its clerics failed to export their Shia revolution to the Sunni Arab heartland.
While Israel and the US have benefited from the fall of the axis of resistance, Israel’s anti-Palestinian policies have promoted reconciliation between Iran and Saudi Arabia, the region’s trend setter. This began in March 2023, when China brokered rapprochement between Tehran and Riyadh after seven years of estrangement. It boosted existing ties between the Gulf and Iran.
Iran Hizbullah Turkey Israel-Hamas-Conflict Lebanon Houthi
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