The nutritional status of children and adolescents consuming plant-based diets compared to meat-containing diets.
In a recent systemic review published in Nutrients, researchers investigated the nutritional status of children and adolescents consuming plant-based diets compared to that of children and adolescents consuming meat-containing diets.
Nevertheless, there are apprehensions regarding the ability of purely plant-based diets to adequately fulfill all essential nutrient requirements, particularly among children and adolescents, who have heightened nutritional demands for growth and development. Furthermore, omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexanoic acid , recognized for their essential roles in neuronal, retinal, and immune function, especially in growing years, are abundantly present in fish and seafood, which happens to be great natural sources of vitamin D and iodine, too.
This database search retrieved 30 studies for analysis, of which 15, 24, and 11 included children and adolescents aged two to five, six to 12, and 13 to 18 . The researchers also noted the age, gender, and country of the study population and the dietary patterns and supplement use of sub-groups. Participants in the pesco-vegetarian category either self-defined their dietary pattern or did not consume meat during the days of dietary assessment or less than or just once per month. As expected, some studies reported combined data for vegetarians, pesco-vegetarians, and vegans.
Notably, DRVs differ for different age groups, as well as for girls and boys. Finally, the team assessed the risk of bias based on the Observational Study Quality Evaluation checklist. Regarding other macronutrients, i.e., omega-3 fatty acids, EPA, and DHA, only two studies found that their intake was suboptimal in all five diet groups. Similarly, average intakes of vitamin D and calcium were low in all diet groups, and two studies reported a risk of iodine deficiency in all diet groups.
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