Transient plasma ignition can boost ICE efficiency by up to 20 percent.
energy is provided to the plasma by applying an electrical voltage that accelerates charged particles. The electrons are much lighter than the ions, so they respond much more rapidly and zip around at speeds roughly 100x faster than the ions.
The released plasma, namely the free-electrons within it, collide with the air-fuel mixture in the piston. This produces chemically reactive species "The TPS Transient Plasma Ignition System uses a nanosecond electrical pulse to generate plasma, to create instantaneous high power at a much faster rate than a traditional spark. This high-power but low energy pulse creates low-temperature plasma that will not light a match, yet ignites dilute air-fuel mixtures efficiently and immediately," explained Dan Singleton to Interesting Engineering.
"Our nanosecond pulsed-plasma ignition system works in tandem with the engine designs and other efficiency improvement technologies deployed by original equipment manufacturers , adding to the eco-friendly benefits of these solutions," added Singleton.The module, or pulsed power supply, communicates with the engine control unit providing ignition pulses as needed.
When energy is applied on a time scale lasting longer than 100 nanoseconds, the heavier ions have sufficient time to absorb some of the energy and play a more active role in the discharge.- which is a potential problem. You can see this demonstrated when plasma changes from a uniform glow to a more chaotic collection of lightning bolts in a plasma globe.
When operating at atmospheric pressure, this delicate balance must be carefully controlled to avoid the transition to a higher temperature, unstable thermal plasma. This is not easy.
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