Certain Nanoplastics Can Cause Holes Between Endothelial Cells: NatureComms nanoplastics nanotoxicology nanomedicine nanoplastic plastics microplastics endothelium
By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.Aug 16 2022Reviewed by Megan Craig, M.Sc. Globally, the increased demand and production of plastics have led to their massive accumulation in landfills and the ocean. This has had a significant impact on environmental sustainability and escalated the problem of climate change. Additionally, plastic accumulation has potentially impacted human health.
In a recent Nature Communications study, researchers sought to address the aforementioned gap in research and revealed that the introduction of different nanoplastic forms, such as poly and anionic polystyrene , causes damage to the vascular endothelial cadherin junctions. Nanoplastics affect humans in different ways; for example, they can impair growth, metabolism, or reproductive capacity. They also impact the immune system by enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, cytokine secretion, and apoptosis.
Nanotoxicology-based in vitro assays, namely, Cell Counting Kit-8 , reactive oxygen species , and cellular mortality assays, were conducted. In these assays, different concentrations of the nanoplastics were introduced to human umbilical vein endothelial cells over time. In addition to PS, NanoEL's competence in other nanoplastic forms, such as aminated polystyrene and PMMA, was studied. Both nanoplastics were characterized using varied analytical tools and were introduced to HUVECs.
Two endocytosis inhibitors, namely, monodansylcadaverine and methyl-β-cyclodextrin , failed to stop the PS nanoplastic-induced leakiness; however, PP1 and Y-27632 were able to lower the pace of the process. Furthermore, several in vitro and in vivo assays strongly indicated that PS nanoplastic-induced endothelial leakiness was not dependent on endocytosis and ROS formation. Nevertheless, they were found to be strongly associated with actin remodeling and the VE-cadherin pathway.
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