A joint UN-EU report finds Europe was 2.3 degrees above the pre-industrial average for 2022, but renewables offer hope
. It was the fourth dry year in a row on the Iberian Peninsula, and the third consecutive dry year in the mountain regions of the Alps and Pyrenees. France had its driest January to September, and the UK and Uccle had their driest January to August since 1976, with far-reaching consequences for agriculture and energy production. Spain’s water reserve decreased to 41.9 per cent of its total capacity by July 26th – with even lower capacity in some basins.
Rates of surface ocean warming, particularly in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, the Baltic and Black Seas, and the southern Arctic were more than three times the global average.The report underlines the importance of “meteorological variables”, such as surface solar radiation for photovoltaic panels , wind speed for wind power, and precipitation and runoff for hydropower. More surface solar radiation is available in the south of Europe due to the solar angle and reduced cloud coverage.
But the meteorological factors driving the potential for renewable energy have large seasonal variability, the reports says. The monthly average of wind speed can vary from -40 to +80 per cent of the average, precipitation can vary by plus or minus 30 per cent, and surface solar radiation about by plus or minus 15 per cent.
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