Comparison of the immune response to four prominent COVID-19 vaccines is among the most thorough so far, authors say.
Pick one: a mass-vaccination centre in Leipzig, Germany, offers the COVID-19 vaccines made by Moderna , Pfizer–BioNTech and AstraZeneca .A rare head-to-head comparison shows that the COVID-19 vaccines made by Pfizer and Moderna outperform those from Johnson & Johnson and Novavax. The data also provide a finely detailed picture of the immune protection that each vaccine offers — information that could be useful for designing future vaccines.
The study assessed the 4 vaccines using 14 metrics, including levels of several types of immune cell such as T cells and B cells, as well as immune molecules called neutralizing antibodies. Such investigations are sorely needed to sort through“It’s a really nice analysis by premier immunologists that builds upon what has been previously shown,” says Robert Seder, an immunologist at the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in Bethesda, Maryland.
The four vaccines that Crotty and his co-authors examined fall into three classes. The jabs made by Moderna in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and by Pfizer in New York City and BioNTech in Mainz, Germany, are both based on messenger RNA. Johnson & Johnson of New Brunswick, New Jersey, has produced a ‘viral vector’ vaccine that uses a harmless virus to deliver SARS-CoV-2 genetic material into host cells.
These results generally support the findings of previous studies. But the latest research offers a more extensive analysis of the immune system’s response than do earlier studies, and uses an apples-to-apples approach.“This is not meant to proclaim winners and losers,” says study co-author Alessandro Sette, an immunologist at La Jolla. Instead, the study is meant to “provide a comprehensive evaluation of the different variables”, he says.
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