Man's best friend may also help us fight cancer. It's called comparative oncology, and it's now funded in part by the White House's Cancer Moonshot Initiative.
Some 4 million dogs in the U.S. are diagnosed with cancer every year, often the same kinds humans get. And since we share many of the same genes with our canine companions, dogs with naturally developing cancers are being enrolled in clinical trials, with doctors and scientists using what they learn to speed potential treatments to them and us. It's called comparative oncology and it's now funded in part by the White House's Cancer Moonshot Initiative.
It turns out just one gene determines if a dog has cream colored hair or black. Other genes determine long hair or short. And Ostrander's team at the NIH has discovered some physical traits in dogs, like ear position, hold surprising clues about human health. "If I were to look at a group of humans with bladder cancer, the story would be so much more complex," Ostrander said."There would be different genes in different populations. There'd be different mutations. Different contributions of environmental effects. So when I look in one breed, I get much simpler stories."
Doctors removed the remaining bone and replaced it with a 9-inch metal rod. Months of grueling chemotherapy withered Krystie to 72 pounds. Then, her pediatric oncologist Dr. Elyssa Rubin said, the cancer came back - this time in Krystie's lungs. "This is listeria, causes food poisoning," Mason said."This particular listeria has been genetically modified so that it is far less virulent."The listeria had also been modified to contain a specific protein -- called HER2 -- that's found on some osteosarcoma cells. Once injected into the dogs' bloodstream, the listeria awakened their immune systems, making them feel sick. It also triggered killer immune cells to patrol the body and destroy the cancerous cells.
Other results from the first listeria trial in pet dogs were encouraging too, showing the dogs"tolerated" the immunotherapy and that it"significantly increased duration of survival time." Those results were submitted to the Food and Drug Administration.
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