Helicobacter pylori serology is associated with worse overall survival in patients with melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Bacterium may decrease effectiveness of immunotherapy

Proportions and means were compared by the chi-square test, or t-test, for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Objective response rate was defined as the sum of complete and partial responses according to RECIST 1.1. OS was defined as time between ICI initiation and death from any cause. Progression-free survival was defined as the time between ICI initiation and tumor progression , or death, whichever occurred first.

The association between clinical and biological variables and survival outcomes was assessed with univariate Cox models.Shannon and Inverse Simpson indexes was used as alpha-diversity measurements at the species level. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to determine significant differences of these indexes among the different groups. The Bray-Curtis dissimilarity was used as a beta-diversity measurement and compared between groups using the PERMANOVA test.

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