How a Quebec lithium mine may help make electric cars affordable

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How a Quebec lithium mine may help make electric cars affordable
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The average new electric car in the United States costs about $66,000, just a few thousand dollars short of the median household income last year.

The mine contains lithium, an indispensable ingredient in electric car batteries that is in short supply. If it opens on schedule early next year, it will be the second North American source of that metal, offering hope that badly needed raw materials can be extracted and refined close to Canadian, American and Mexican auto factories, in line with Biden administration policies that aim to break China’s dominance of the battery supply chain.

Dozens of lithium mines are in various stages of development in Canada and the United States. Canada has made it a mission to become a major source of raw materials and components for electric vehicles. But most of these projects are years away from production. Even if they are able to raise the billions of dollars needed to get going, there is no guarantee they will yield enough lithium to meet the continent’s needs.

After the price of lithium fell by half from 2017 to 2020, the mine’s previous owner, Chinese battery maker CATL, shut down operations and sought protection from creditors for the subsidiary that owned the property. Sayona, working with Piedmont Lithium, a lithium mining and processing company based in Belmont, North Carolina, bought the operation last year.

“Those of us in the industry are quite confident that lithium will be in short supply for the next decade,” said Keith Phillips, CEO of Piedmont Lithium, which owns 25% of the Sayona’s Quebec project. He added, “Others are taking a contrarian view.” The world will also need more refineries, the plants where raw lithium is processed into a concentrated form of the metal that goes into batteries. Most lithium is processed in China, and Piedmont and other companies plan to build refineries in the United States. But lithium processing requires expertise that is in short supply, said Eric Norris, president of lithium at Albemarle, a mining and processing company in Charlotte, North Carolina.

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