How a total solar eclipse in 1919 left physicists 'more or less agog'

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How a total solar eclipse in 1919 left physicists 'more or less agog'
Solar Eclipse 2024
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One total solar eclipse changed physics forever – and even to this day these celestial phenomena are astonishing viewers and teaching us crucial lessons about the universe

The following is an extract from our monthly Launchpad newsletter, in which resident space expert Leah Crane journeys through the solar system and beyond. You can sign up for Launchpad for free

He confirmed his sightings with those of another expedition in Brazil, and these observations offered some of the first proof for Albert Einstein’s relatively new theory of general relativity. This description of how massive objects warp the fabric of space-time is now considered foundational, but at the time it was a revelation. It changed everything about how we think about gravity and the cosmos.

Then, suddenly, it goes dark. This is totality. Temperatures drop by up to 10 degrees. The only light comes from the sun’s outermost layer, called its, which ripples beyond the silhouette of the moon. It becomes so dark that some stars are visible in the sky. Many animals, including birds and insects, understandably seem to think that it’s nighttime, so the otherworldly twilight goes quiet except for the chirping of nocturnal insects that have awoken.

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