How gut bacteria evade the immunesystem sciimmunolog
The human gut is the habitat of benign, beneficial, and sometimes. In order to fight off these last-mentioned pathogens, the immune system first recognizes the presence of microbial products via various receptors. One of these is Toll-like receptor 5 : it binds flagellin, the protein that makes up the bacterial flagellum, which bacteria use to swim. Once bound to flagellin, TLR5 induces a pro-inflammatory immune response.
However, pathogens are not the only gut inhabitants producing flagellin; harmless and beneficial bacteria make it as well. This raises the question of how these beneficial bacteria evade the immune response. While some bacteria avoid TLR5 by producing flagellins that no longer bind the receptor, previous research showed that so-called commensalAn international team led by researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen now has an explanation.
Subsequent metagenomic analyses showed that silent flagellins are very common in the human gut and therefore represent"a substantial, previously unappreciated, yet physiologically relevant, population of TLR5 binding proteins," says Sara Clasen, first author of the study. TLR5 is implicated in many gut-related diseases but also plays a role in other disorders such as cancer and neuropathy.
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