How Important is Early Detection to the Spread of Infections? infection disease infectiousdisease diseasedetetion diagnosis
Primary vs. secondary controlDiagnostic testing This can cause unnecessarily high rates of disease and debilitation and even death.
Infectious agents include bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Reservoirs include humans, animals, insects, plants, soil, or other substance that provides essential conditions where pathogens live and multiply under normal conditions. The pathogen may leave the reservoir by blood or other body fluids. For instance, a cough may transmit a respiratory virus such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from an infected individual to another person.
The second type of control measure focuses on cutting short the infectious period and thus preventing or reducing transmission of the infectious agent. This is called secondary prevention and includes screening for infection to promote its early detection, with prompt treatment of those found to be infected, even if they are asymptomatic.
Constant surveillance is necessary to identify potential outbreaks and track the spread of the pathogen. Without this, transmission continues, causing worldwide spread as with the repeated influenza pandemics or ongoing serious infections as with the human immunodeficiency virus . Again, suppose an infection is spreading rapidly. In that case, hospitals, clinics, outpatient facilities, healthcare workers, and medical equipment or drugs must all be prepared and stockpiled to meet a potential state of emergency. This requires a timely diagnosis of the infection and its trajectory, both on the level of severity and also of the scale of the outbreak.
Thus, apart from the need to prevent the further spread of an infectious condition, early diagnosis is critically important to safeguard the individual's health as well by increasing the likelihood of appropriate treatment that will clear the pathogen from the host tissues.
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