New pathway for DNA transfer discovered in tumor microenvironment CellReports naturecellbio
, Crislyn D'Souza-Schorey, the Morris Pollard Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences, and collaborators discovered that DNA"cargo" is transported in small informational sacs called extracellular microvesicles. Their study is a continuation of work her lab has undertaken to further understand the sharing of information between cells.
"We've shown that DNA present in these microvesicles is related to metastasis, so now we have a great platform to assess for genetic aberrations," said D'Souza-Schorey, who is also affiliated with the Berthiaume Institute for Precision Health, the Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases and the Harper Cancer Research Institute., are often filled with cytosolic DNA, which is DNA found in the jelly-like fluid outside of the cell's nucleus.
The research team used a cell model from a male cancer patient to show how Y-chromosomal DNA—present in the cytosol due to—is carried by extracellular vesicles and transferred to a female mammary epithelial cell line. "These female cells do not have Y-chromosomal DNA present without exposure to the male microvesicles," said James Clancy, research assistant professor of biological sciences, who is the first author on the paper."This is an accessible way to show people that the DNA was transferred, making it easier to prove this form of communication."
The researchers demonstrated that cytosolic DNA is moved to microvesicles alongside an enzyme, cGAS, which was discovered in part because of its role during the immune response to bacterial and viral infections. Scientists have increasingly recognized that cGAS may play a part in tumor progression, and this new study delineated a way the DNA is modified to aid that progression.
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