Mike Pence is the third Vice President to run against the President he served under — and the first to do so in 83 years
he 2024 presidential campaign field, which already features the first former U.S. President ever to be criminally, is about to get even more unprecedented. On Monday, Mike Pence filed paperwork to run for President, making him the first former Vice President to run against the President under whom he served in over 80 years, and only the third ever to do so.
The earliest example of a sitting Vice President challenging a sitting President is arguably the election of 1800, when Thomas Jefferson challenged John Adams. In 1796, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson were elected President and Vice President, though they wereBut the electoral system was completely different back then; the candidate with the most votes was elected President, and the candidate with the second most votes became Vice President. The 12th Amendment got rid of that system in 1804.
The closer parallel to the Trump-Pence situation is when President Franklin Delano Roosevelt ran for a third term in 1940, and Vice President John Nance Garner challenged him for the Democratic nomination. Six years into the job, Garner—a Texan nicknamed “Cactus Jack”—came to represent a group of conservative Democrats who had grown disenchanted with FDR’s liberal New Deal, which they believed expanded the role of the federal government too much.
John Nance Garner greets President Franklin Delano Roosevelt as he arrived at a Democratic party dinner.TIME magazine summed up the tensions in a Mar. 20, 1939, cover story on the intraparty split headlined “undeclared war”: “Party rebellion is no new thing in U.S. history…Rebellion by the substantial leaders of a party against their leader-in-chief is rarer.
At the 1940 Democratic National Convention, FDR received 946 of the delegate votes, while Garner received 61. “At the end of the day, Garner’s challenge to FDR was not substantive,” as Young puts it. Since the Nazis invaded Poland in September 1939, World War II was ramping up, and FDR’s two terms as commander-in-chief made him the clear frontrunner. FDR was re-elected with Henry Wallace as his running mate, and Garner retired from public life.
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