How can we encourage delegating when it’s beneficial, and reduce it when it’s not?
Could people think that someone else might make a better choice? You might think that people would only delegate if they thought another person was capable of making a better decision. Yet although participants were more likely to delegate to experts than to nonexperts, they still delegated decisions to people who did not have any relevant expertise.
Are people worried about being blamed if the choice goes poorly? People certainly worry about being blamed when things go wrong. The desire to avoid blame did contribute to the tendency to delegate choices that would affect others. But this wasn’t the whole story: People delegated even when their identities were obscured and they couldn’t be blamed at all.responsibility that lead people to pass the buck.
Of course, people wouldn’t hand off a decision to just anybody. While expertise did not seem to be a requisite, what mattered more to participants was whether the alternate decision maker had the authority to assume responsibility for the consequences of the decision. Participants only delegated when the other person was of equal or higher status and would be held officially responsible for the outcome of the decision.
Our findings illuminate how leaders can delegate more when it’s useful and less when it’s not. Because there are times when leaders should make the call — for instance, when they are able to decide more quickly and more knowledgeably than others — it’s important to know how to encourage them to do so. Reassuring them that they will not be blamed for the outcome, or even preserving their anonymity in choosing, can reduce the tendency to pass the buck, though not completely eliminate it.
Moreover, our findings emphasize the value of understanding the dynamics of delegation for effectively managing teams. Other research we have in progress suggests that recognizing when people are prone to delegate may be the key, in retail settings, to anticipating when to offer consumers decision support so that they don’t walk away from difficult choices without making a purchase.
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