On March 11th negotiators who had been trying to resurrect a multinational nuclear agreement from 2015 announced an indefinite “pause” in their talks
in Vienna had started to resemble Zeno’s paradox: a man who keeps moving half the distance to his destination will never arrive. For almost a year, diplomats from the “P5+1”—theSecurity Council’s five permanent members, plus Germany—have been trying to resurrect their nuclear agreement of 2015 with Iran, which lifted some sanctions on Iran in exchange for curbs on its nuclear programme. Donald Trump withdrew from it in 2018. Joe Biden promised to revive the deal.
Instead America would lift some non-nuclear sanctions on unsavoury characters, a broader range of them than it would have liked, and Iran would settle for far less than a binding guarantee from America not to pull out again. There were some details left to resolve, but diplomats were optimistic. Preparations were under way for foreign ministers to fly to Vienna and sign a deal.
Russia has some unique obligations under the deal, owing to its comparatively friendly ties with Iran. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action , as it is known, limited Iran to holding 300kg of uranium enriched to 3.67% purity. Any excess must be shipped to Russia and stored there. Rosatom, Russia’s state-owned nuclear-power firm, is also meant to help overhaul Fordow, a heavily fortified site near the Iranian city of Qom, transforming it from an enrichment facility to a medical-isotope plant.
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