The exodus adds to Vladimir Putin’s economic woes
. Establishing the precise scale of emigration prompted by the war is tricky. The Kremlin has, unsurprisingly, not published data on the matter. And independent estimates have varied from 500,000 to 1m. But a new analysis has narrowed that range .
Re: Russia, an analysis and policy network, has examined various estimates and available data from countries that have accepted large numbers of Russian émigrés. They found that between 817,000 and 922,000 people have left Russia since February 2022. The largest recipient countries wereand Serbia, each with 150,000 emigrants. But Russians have moved all over the world, including between 30,000 and 40,000 who went to America, according to the estimates.
There are uncertainties about the data. Russians may travel through several transit countries before settling. Others return home having struggled to establish a life abroad, often citing difficulties securing work. Some returnees suggest they will try to emigrate again once their financial circumstances allow it.
Emigration from Mr Putin’s Russia is not new. In the first 19 years of his rule 1.6m-2m people left the country . The rate increased significantly around 2012, when Mr Putin returned to the Russian presidency in an election marked by fraud and protests . Yet the invasion of Ukraine has caused the single largest exodus prompted by political upheaval since the 1920s.
Also significant is the profile of those who are able to move. In general, Russia’s wartime émigrés have relatively
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