Scientists are probing the secrets of the inner core—and learning how it might have saved life on Earth. LongReads
. Despite appeals to the Supreme Court, the test went as planned, creating a crater lake at the island’s surface even though the detonation was 1800 meters down.
Chao says one possible explanation for the 6-year cycle is gravitational interactions between the mantle and inner core. The inner core is likely to be lumpy, with hills hundreds of meters high, and at the bottom of the mantle, seismologists have discovered two ultradense, continent-size blobs. The tugs of the blobs on the hills could create a loose coupling between the mantle and the inner core—enough to “pull the inner core back and forth” in cycles of superrotation and subrotation, Chao says.
The nature of the iron left behind is the subject of ongoing debate. Iron atoms at Earth’s surface—in your cast iron skillet, for example—pack themselves in cubic arrangements. But when tiny samples of iron are compressed between two diamonds to inner core–like pressures, the atoms rearrange into hexagons. The hard question is what happens when iron is simultaneously squashed and heated to thousands of degrees, says Lidunka Vočadlo, a computational mineral physicist at University College London.
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