After more than two decades, scientists say they have finally mapped out the entire human genome, paving the way for deeper insights into evolution, cancer, and birth defects.
sequencing technology couldn’t read certain parts of the genome. For years, around 8% of the genetic sequence remained unfilled.
Scientists said this full picture of the genome will give humanity a greater understanding of human biology while opening the door to new medical discoveries. The human genome comprises billions of DNA subunits known by the letters A, C, G and T. Genes are strings of these lettered pairs that contain instructions for making proteins. Humans have about 30,000 genes, organized in 23 groups called chromosomes found in the nucleus cells.
Reading genes requires cutting the strands of DNA into pieces hundreds to thousands of letters long. Sequencing machines read the letters in each piece and scientists try to put the pieces in the right order – an especially difficult task in areas where letters repeat.
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