Sensitive Detection of miRNA for Early Diabetic Nephropathy Diagnosis: biosensor nanomedicine bionanotechnology
By Bhavna KavetiAug 5 2022Reviewed by Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc. Diabetic nephropathy is a long-term kidney disease that affects patients with diabetes. Early detection of diabetic nephropathy can help prevent dreadful consequences like irreversible renal damage. MicroRNAs are potential biomarkers that could help diagnose diabetic nephropathy in the early stages.
The nanocarriers leveraged the combined effects of Au nanoparticles and MXene-Au nanocomposites and exhibited outstanding electronic conductivity. Furthermore, massive active sites generated by Au-S bonds on nanocarriers helped capture and immobilize DNA. Modifying AuNPs with G-rich sequence DNA detection probes helped in signal amplification.
Diabetic nephropathy is a microvascular complication found in diabetic patients and is a leading cause of renal damage. Previous studies mentioned that miRNA-377 is related to the development of diabetic nephropathy. To this end, microalbuminuria is a preferred indicator for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy since the prognostic indicator has limited specificity and sensitivity towards miRNA-377.
Although conventional miRNA-377 detection techniques, including northern blotting, microarrays, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, can detect and quantify miRNA-377 in human serum, these techniques are expensive, time-consuming, and have low sensitivity. On exposing the biosensor to miRNA-377, CP interacted with G-rich detection probes modified on AuNPs and formed a sandwich complex at the interface. Additionally, the activation of potassium ion resulted in the integration of methylene blue into G-quadruplex units, forming DP-AuNPs with amplified electrochemical signals.
Conclusion Overall, an electrochemical biosensor with ultra-sensitivity was developed based on MXene-Au and MB/DP-AuNPs. The former served as a substrate material and later signal amplifying material. The synergic effect of MXene-Au nanocomposites accelerated the electrode surface’s electron transfer and improved the specific surface area.
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