Sexual Health Around the World health sexualhealth contraception HIV STI infection
Sexually transmitted infectionsFemale genital mutilation Sexual health was first addressed, albeit tentatively, by the World Health Organization in 1975, as "a state of physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being in relation to sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction, or infirmity.
Among the former, contraception is necessarily an essential facet. The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization estimated, in 2021, that only a third of young people worldwide were aware of how to prevent the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus . Similarly, the knowledge of contraception is low in many regions.
Similarly, up to 80% of young American women were never taught how to decline sex, and up to 70% said they were never trained to do so before their first sexual experience. Just over a quarter had learned how to say no, but not learned about birth control. Interestingly, almost 90% knew the facts about STIs and HIV.
STIs cause infertility, cancers, pregnancy losses or complications, and a higher risk of HIV. Many of these pathogens are developing resistance to antimicrobials. In the USA, adolescent girls bore 180,000 babies in 2018, while there were 1,130 abortions per 100,000 women of reproductive age. In developing countries, about 12 million girls below the age of 19 give birth, with 10 million being unintended pregnancies. Half of these mothers are not even 15.
Sexual risk behaviors A 2019 US survey revealed that nearly 40% of high school students had sexual intercourse at least once. Of these, one in four reported intercourse within the last three months, half without a condom, and one in seven with no protection. One in five were on drugs or alcohol at the time of intercourse.
Sexual violence Sexual or physical violence is reported to have been experienced by an estimated one in three women worldwide. The greatest proportion of such violence is inflicted by their partners, involving well over a quarter of women in a relationship. Abortion Abortion and emergency contraception pills are used as family planning methods by millions of women. In fact, 60% of unintended pregnancies are deliberately aborted, making up over 70 million embryonic and fetal deaths.
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