Fish might not have a reputation for intelligence, but stringrays and zebra mbuna fish can add or subtract “one' from a total to gain a reward.
at the University of Bonn in Germany and her colleagues designed tests to work out whether stingrays and zebra mbuna fish The team first trained six zebra mbunas and four stingrays to navigate a tank with multiple compartments to make choices after seeing an initial stimulus. The animals started in a section where they were shown an initial picture of two shapes for 5 seconds.
The team then explored whether the animals simply chose the larger or smaller quantity of shapes, or if they had really learned to add or subtract exactly one shape from the initial condition. In this case, the choices were either plus one or plus two blue shapes if the initial stimulus was blue, and minus one or minus two yellow shapes if the stimulus was yellow.
The zebra mbunas correctly chose to add one rather than two 70 per cent of the time and subtracted exactly one 66 per cent of the time. The stingrays successfully chose to add one rather than two 90 per cent of the time and subtracted exactly one 87 per cent of the time.
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