Study suggests BA.5 evolved to induce enhanced inflammation when compared to prior Omicron subvariants biorxivpreprint HokkaidoUnivPR Omicron coronavirus covid COVID19 SARSCoV2 inflammation evolution
By Neha MathurAug 9 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study posted to the bioRxiv* preprint server, researchers evaluated the comparative pathogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron sub-variants BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5, in vitro and in vivo.
About the study In the present study, researchers characterized virological characteristics of Omicron sub-variant BA.5 in vitro and in vivo in parallel with its predecessors BA.1 and BA.2; they used an early pandemic B.1.1 isolate containing D614G mutation as the control. For characterizing in vitro growth kinetics of Omicron sub-variants, they used three cell lines viz., VeroE6/ transmembrane protease, serine 2 , Calu-3, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived alveolar epithelial cells.
Lastly, to investigate the ability of Omicron sub-variants to cause inflammation in animal lungs, the researchers performed histopathological scoring. The method evaluated bronchitis, hemorrhage, alveolar damage with epithelial apoptosis, macrophage infiltration, and hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes. They also examined inflammatory response upon infection with Omicron sub-variants in vivo.
In a hamster model, the dynamics of weight changes of BA.5-infected animals were significantly different from that of the BA.2-infected and uninfected hamsters. Moreover, in BA.1-, BA.2- and BA.5-infected hamsters, the Penh value was significantly lower, and the Rpef value was substantially higher than those in B.1.1-infected hamsters. Although lower than B.1.1, among Omicrn sub-variants, BA.5 caused the most severe inflammation. Additionally, BA.
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