New research has revealed being active could lower the risk of type 2 diabetes, even in people with a high genetic risk of developing the medical condition.
The University of Sydney-led study found higher levels of total physical activity, especially moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity, had a strong association with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The findings were published in theThe researchers say the study demonstrates higher levels of physical activity should be promoted as a major strategy for type 2 diabetes prevention.
The UK Biobank is a large-scale biomedical database and research resource containing anonymized genetic, lifestyle andassociated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. People with a high genetic risk score had 2.4 times the risk of developing type 2 diabetes when compared with those with a low genetic risk score.
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Genome-wide association analysis identifies ancestry-specific genetic variation associated with acute response to metformin and glipizide in SUGAR-MGH - DiabetologiaAims/hypothesis Characterisation of genetic variation that influences the response to glucose-lowering medications is instrumental to precision medicine for treatment of type 2 diabetes. The Study to Understand the Genetics of the Acute Response to Metformin and Glipizide in Humans (SUGAR-MGH) examined the acute response to metformin and glipizide in order to identify new pharmacogenetic associations for the response to common glucose-lowering medications in individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes. Methods One thousand participants at risk for type 2 diabetes from diverse ancestries underwent sequential glipizide and metformin challenges. A genome-wide association study was performed using the Illumina Multi-Ethnic Genotyping Array. Imputation was performed with the TOPMed reference panel. Multiple linear regression using an additive model tested for association between genetic variants and primary endpoints of drug response. In a more focused analysis, we evaluated the influence of 804 unique type 2 diabetes- and glycaemic trait-associated variants on SUGAR-MGH outcomes and performed colocalisation analyses to identify shared genetic signals. Results Five genome-wide significant variants were associated with metformin or glipizide response. The strongest association was between an African ancestry-specific variant (minor allele frequency [MAFAfr]=0.0283) at rs149403252 and lower fasting glucose at Visit 2 following metformin (p=1.9×10−9); carriers were found to have a 0.94 mmol/l larger decrease in fasting glucose. rs111770298, another African ancestry-specific variant (MAFAfr=0.0536), was associated with a reduced response to metformin (p=2.4×10−8), where carriers had a 0.29 mmol/l increase in fasting glucose compared with non-carriers, who experienced a 0.15 mmol/l decrease. This finding was validated in the Diabetes Prevention Program, where rs111770298 was associated with a worse glycaemic response to metformin: heterozygous carriers had an increase in HbA1c of
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