The lithosphere is the layer of Earth we call home.
The asthenosphere acts as a lubricant for the slabs of lithospheric plates, allowing them to slide along, bump into and rub past each other — resulting in geological events such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.
Plate tectonics is also responsible for some of the most striking landforms on Earth, such as the Himalayas, which stretch for 1,800 miles along the border of India and Tibet. The colossal mountain range was forged between 40 and 50 million years ago when the Indian and Eurasian plates collided, according to theMovement along the San Andreas fault line is pushing Los Angeles 1.
Earthquakes and seismic waves can tell us a lot about the Earth's interior, including where the lithosphere and asthenosphere are located. During an earthquake, primary and secondary waves spread out through the Earth's interior, according to . Special stations situated around the world detect these waves and record their velocities, which tell scientists a lot about the composition, temperature and pressure of the material through which the waves have traveled.
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