Look deep enough into the darkness of space, you'll find all manner of shapes that stir the imagination.
And some, like the Cone Nebula, are dark, thick with dust that absorbs visible light. Only light at wavelengths invisible to the human eye, such as infrared and radio, can penetrate them.Opaque nebulae of this type are known as molecular clouds. These include some of the most interesting nebulae to be found: places where baby stars are born. The dust is an efficient emitter of infrared light, which carries away thermal energy and causes the cloud to cool.
It's these dense clumps form the seeds of stars; spinning, they draw in even more mass from the surrounding cloud, providing the growing protostar with the pressure needed to kick-start fusion in its core.. Jets of plasma accelerated by the star's magnetic field lines erupt from its poles, and powerful radiation pressure generated by the star's ultraviolet light. Both contribute the a stellar wind that pushes away material from the baby star.
This is what gives the Cone Nebula its iconic shape. Baby stars, burning blue and hot , are at the stage of their life where their feedback is blasting away at the dusty nebula. Similar processes carved out the famousBecause infrared light can penetrate these dense clouds, instruments that can see the Universe in infrared light – such as the James Webb Space Telescope – are invaluable for revealing the particulars of the star formation processes that take place therein.
But visible light images, like the VLT's, show details that disappear in other wavelengths. It's only by studying the full spectrum that we can obtain a comprehensive understanding of everything at play in these enigmatic, fascinating structures.
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