A Woman Was Cured of HIV Using Stem Cells From Cord Blood: How It Works
Most people contract HIV through anal or vaginal sex, or by sharing needles or other drug injection equipment, the
These are “intense treatments that wipe out a person’s immune system—and hopefully the cancer they are treating, too,” Dr. Giordano says. “Since HIV lives in a person’s immune system’s cells, it kills many of the cells that contain HIV. Once you kill the bone marrow, you have to restore it with stem cells, otherwise the person will die since you can’t live without the immune cells, platelets, and red blood cells that your bone marrow makes.
In this particular case, stem cells from cord blood carried the delta 32 mutation of the CCR5 receptor, says, M.D., Ph.D., a stem cell transplant specialist at Weill Cornell Medicine who treated the latest patient cured of HIV. “When the cord stem cell replaces her blood, she now has a blood system that is resistant to HIV infection,” Dr. Hsu explains. “Usually when patients stop taking their anti-viral medication, the HIV becomes quickly detectable.
This is what happened with the first patient who was cured of HIV, Timothy Brown, aka the “Berlin Patient,” Dr. Adalja explains. He was treated for acute myeloid leukemia and received a stem cell transplant from a donor who had a rare genetic abnormality that gives the immune cells that HIV targets a natural resistance to the virus, perThe treatment specifically works by doctors destroying a person’s immune system, usually with chemotherapy.
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