The Gaza war has put renewed focus on a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, still seen by many countries as the path to peace even though the negotiating process has been moribund for a decade.
More than seven months into the deadliest Israeli-Palestinian war yet, the US has said there is no way to solve Israel's security issues and the challenge of rebuilding Gaza without steps towards a Palestinian state.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has said he will not compromise on full Israeli security control west of Jordan and that this stands contrary to a sovereign Palestinian state, which he says would pose"an existential danger" to Israel. The state of Israel was declared on 14 May 1948. A day later, five Arab states attacked. The war ended with Israel controlling 77% of the territory.
The Palestinians remain stateless, with most living under Israeli occupation or as refugees in neighbouring states. Some -mostly descendants of Palestinians who remained in Israel after its creation - have Israeli citizenship.The two-state solution was the bedrock of the US-backed peace process ushered in by the 1993 Oslo Accords, signed by Yasser Arafat of the Palestine Liberation Organization and Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin.
The fate of Jerusalem, deemed by Israel as its"eternal and indivisible" capital, was the main obstacle. Israel would annex big settlements and cede other land in a swap, and resettle Jewish settlers in Palestinian sovereign territory outside there.While Israel withdrew settlers and soldiers from Gaza in 2005, settlements expanded in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, their population rising from 250,000 in 1993 to 695,000 three decades later, according to Israeli organisation Peace Now.During the Second Intifada, Israel also constructed what it described as a barrier to stop Palestinian attacks.
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