Unlocking the potential of melatonin: A promising epigenetic weapon against cancer Melatonin Research Epigenetics Cancer DNAmethylation CellularRegulation MelatoninTherapy EpigeneticRegulation AnticancerStrategy antioxidants_OA
By Bhavana KunkalikarMay 30 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. In a recent study published in the journal Antioxidants, researchers discuss the potential role of melatonin in regulating deoxyribonucleic acid methylation.
The potential role of melatonin in regulating DNA methylation is a promising area of exploration due to the impact of genomic instability on cancer initiation and non-malignant disease development, as DNA methylation has emerged as a novel target in clinical therapy.Melatonin plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression, including genes related to epigenetic processes, due to its diverse biological effects.
For example, one study reported that mouse embryos lacking aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase , the key enzyme in melatonin production, exhibited reduced TET2 expression and alterations in DNA methylation. Notably, this process was reversible with melatonin supplementation.The production of melatonin is disturbed by exposure to ALAN.
MT1 melatonin receptor -1B hypermethylation has been proposed as a new epigenetic marker for atherosclerosis, a metabolic disease. Taken together, these studies indicate a strong connection between melatonin function and DNA methylation status.In one study on hamster breeding, researchers found that the use of winter-like melatonin led to reduced DNMT expression in the hypothalamus, thereby resulting in the hypomethylation of the dio3 promoter, which led to gonadal regression.
Notably, methylation loss encourages stem cell differentiation, while hypermethylation maintains cell stemness. Moreover, melatonin supplementation induces differentiation in hDPCs through a protein interaction that affects global DNA methylation alterations.
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