Why did nearly a million king penguins vanish without a trace?

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Why did nearly a million king penguins vanish without a trace?
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Nearly a million king penguins disappeared without a trace. A group of ecologists embarked upon a journey to a remote Antarctic island in search of an answer. ScienceMagArchives

Where on Earth, wondered Henri Weimerskirch, were all the penguins? It was early 2017. Colleagues had sent the seabird ecologist aerial photos of Île aux Cochons, a barren volcanic island halfway between Madagascar and Antarctica that humans rarely visit. The images revealed vast areas of bare rock that, just a few decades before, had been crowded with some 500,000 pairs of nesting king penguins and their chicks.

In all likelihood, they would never be able to return."We knew this was going to be a one-shot expedition," recalls conservation biologist Adrien Chaigne, an expedition organizer who works for the National Nature Reserve of the French Southern and Antarctic Territories, which manages the island."It was a real kind of pressure."have long faced biologists seeking to understand life at the remote bottom of the planet.

King penguins should be relatively easy to study. Unlike their ice-bound cousins, such as emperor penguins, king penguins live on islands dotting the subantarctic region. That means they can be reliably and repeatedly counted in satellite images over time, and scientists can camp alongside their breeding colonies to observe them.

"The first 2 days were intense," Chaigne says."We knew it was possible that bad weather could end the expedition any day." Luckily, they avoided serious storms, and by the end of their fifth day the researchers had tagged the penguins and gathered the samples they sought.remain to be digested. But the researchers have already ruled out some possible explanations for the massive penguin decline. Land predators, for instance, don't seem to have played a role.

Not disease, apparently. The team is waiting on final blood analyses, but they saw few ailing birds or fresh corpses."We thought we'd see carrion, individuals in bad condition," Chaigne says. But the birds looked healthy.

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