Why Do Mental Illnesses—From Depression to Schizophrenia—Raise the Risk of Dementia?

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Why Do Mental Illnesses—From Depression to Schizophrenia—Raise the Risk of Dementia?
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A combination of biological and social factors most likely explain the strong connection

Age is the single biggest risk factor for dementia, with the odds doubling about every five years after age 65. But many things influence those odds for a given individual. Genetic vulnerability is a contributor, as are so-called modifiable risk factors such as smoking, cardiovascular disease, social isolation, and impaired hearing and vision. Certain mental conditions, particularly depression and schizophrenia, have also been linked to dementia.

The study did not examine biological, social or other reasons for the increased risk, but research on dementia points to several possible explanations. “There might be shared genetic risk factors,” suggests psychologist Leah Richmond-Rakerd of the University of Michigan, lead author of the study. Recent studies have found some overlap in genetic markers associated with Alzheimer's disease and those linked to bipolar disorder and to major depression.

Vulnerability in this population may also be linked to their finding it more difficult to lead healthy lives, physically and socially, Richmond-Rakerd says. “They might exercise less, or drink alcohol excessively, or have trouble staying socially connected”—all of which increase the risk for dementia. People with certain psychiatric conditions tend to have higher-than-average rates of smoking and fewer years of education, which are also risk factors.

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