Not even three weeks after the end of the United Nations’ climate summit in Egypt, many of the same people are congregating in Canada for COP15. We explain why
, the 2015 accord which saw almost every country promise to increase efforts to cut greenhouse-gas emissions and mitigate against climate change. Pessimists note that nothing close to that has been achieved in three decades of international biodiversity negotiations.
In 1992, a huge “Earth Summit” held in Rio de Janeiro produced a trio of UN conventions to address a triptych of environmental calamities: climate change, biodiversity and desertification. In carving up these issues, the architects of the conventions may have hoped to give each the attention it deserves. But the problems are interrelated. Deforestation destroys ecosystems and speeds up climate change, for example, by eliminating carbon sinks.
The Aichi targets were vague and unrealistic. The lack of clear, measurable rules on protecting biodiversity has hindered progress for years. Not having had its “Paris moment” also means that businesses do not yet focus much on biodiversity. Compare this with cutting emissions, which most started to attempt seriously after global net-zero targets were introduced. The pandemic made things worse.
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