New review unravels phthalates’ role in heart disease Phthalates HeartDisease Cardiology Heart
By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaMay 25 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. Phthalates are essential elements in the plastics sector and, as a result, are often found as contaminants throughout the surrounding environment. Within the environment, phthalates can disrupt endocrinal functions by being readily absorbed by humans and binding with molecules that interfere with the hormonal imbalance.
About the review Databases such as the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed were searched for relevant records published between 2015 and April 2022. Only human experimental or epidemiological studies that included males and females and assessed the impact of phthalate exposure on CVD risks among individuals of all ages were included. Non-human studies, duplicate records, inaccessible records, and studies published in non-English languages were excluded.
Phthalates are capable of leaching into the environment, as they do not bind covalently to polymers. Phthalates have been identified in water, air, food, consumer products, and biological fluids such as blood, urine, amniotic fluid, saliva, and human milk. Bis phthalate exposure promotes endothelial cell apoptosis, alters deoxyribonucleic acid methylation, and facilitates atherosclerosis due to pro-atherogenic and pro-senescence activities, with cholesterol efflux inhibition through altered microRNA 200 c -5p-ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1 activity. DEHP also upregulates plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 expression and has procoagulant effects.
DEHP alters cardiac electrical conduction by decreasing the expression of genes associated with cardiac cell electrical activity and calcium transport, including connexin 43, calponin, and calsequestrin, and reducing calcium levels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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