The impact of viral infections on the human endocrine system Micro_MDPI univ_lille viral virus virology infection endocrinology endocrinesystem endocrone disease
By Neha MathurFeb 3 2023Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study published in Microorganisms, researchers briefly outlined how viral infections trigger endocrinopathies in humans.
First and foremost, they compiled data on how human coronaviruses , mainly severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 , and SARS-CoV damage the endocrine system. These two viruses share 80% identity and enter host cells by binding their spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 , highly expressed in several endocrine glands, such as the hypothalamus, the pituitary, the thyroid, and the adrenal glands.
Studies have not excluded the possibility that, like SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 mimics the amino acid sequences of host ACTH to trigger the production of antiviral antibodies similar to anti-ACTH autoantibodies. Studies examining deceased COVID-19 patients using immunohistochemistry found SARS-CoV-2 in the pancreas, in both exocrine and endocrine cells.
Omics eBook Compilation of the top interviews, articles, and news in the last year. Download a free copy Over 38 million people worldwide were human immunodeficiency virus infected in 2021. HIV has been shown to cause aberrant cortisol response to ACTH, testosterone deficits, and euthyroid sick syndrome. HIV-caused opportunistic infections adversely affect the pituitary gland or hypothalamus, causing hypogonadism in men.
Patients with chronic HCV infection also have low serum levels of total testosterone and aberrant sperm parameters, including low sperm volume, count, and motility, suggesting the negative influence of HCV on spermatogenesis. Drugs for treating HCV infection use interferon-α , known for its deleterious effects on the thyroid gland.
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